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The layout of the site should meet the following
specifications: |
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Three-four hectares of land per 1,000 people
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Ten metre-wide roads |
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Minimum distance of 2 metres between the
edge of the roads and tents |
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Minimum distance of 8 metres between tents |
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Minimum floor area of 3 square metres per
person |
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For proper water distribution campsites should
have: |
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Tanks with a minimum capacity of 200 litres |
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Minimum capacity per capita 15 litres/day |
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Maximum distance between two tanks should
not exceed 100 metres |
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Solid waste disposal containers should be: |
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Waterproof |
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Insect-proof |
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Rodent-proof |
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Waste should be covered tightly with a plastic
or metallic lid |
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Waste should be incinerated or buried |
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Solid waste units should have a capacity of 1
litre per 4-8 tents or 50-100 litres per 25-50 people |
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Excreta and liquid waste should be disposed of
in bore-holed or deep trench latrines built according
to the following specifications: |
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At a distance of 30-50 metres from tents |
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1 seat/10 persons |
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Modified soakage pits for wastewater to
be made by replacing layers of earth and small
pebbles with layers of straw, grass or small
twigs. The straw needs to be removed on a
daily basis and burnt. |
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A bench for washing should be: |
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3 metres in length |
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Double-sided |
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2 per 100 persons |
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· Buildings to accommodate victims during
relief should have: |
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Minimum floor area of 3.5 sq metre per
person |
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Minimum air space of 10 sq metre per person |
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Minimum air circulation of 30 cubic metre
per person per hour |
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Separate washing blocks for men and women |
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1 hand basin per 10 persons |
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Wash bench of 4-5 metre per 100 persons
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1 shower per 50 persons in temperate climates
or 1 shower per 30 persons in hot climates |
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Toilet accommodation in buildings housing displaced
persons should meet these requirements: |
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1 seat per 25 women |
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1 seat and 1 urinal per 35 men |
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Maximum distance from building should be
50 metres |
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Plastic or metal refuse containers
with closed lids with 50-100 litre capacity
per 25-50 persons |
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Depending on the type and duration of the disaster,
different types of excreta disposal measures need
to be taken in the camps. People must be discouraged
from open defecation. The area must be adequately
lighted and the approach road must be clearly demarcated.
The most suitable types of latrines are: |
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Shallow trench latrines |
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Deep-trench latrines |
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Pit privies |
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Borehole latrines |
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Septic privies |
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Urinals |
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Mobile latrines |
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Attempts should be made to provide communal latrines
with water, so that cleaning is practical |
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There should be separate blocks for men and women |
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At least five seats per 100 persons. |
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Must be 15 km away, and down hill from any water
source |
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The bottom of the latrine should be at least 1.5
m above the groundwater table. In the presence of
limestone formations and fissured rocks, additional
precautions are necessary to protect sources of
water supply |
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The site should be dry, well drained and above
flood level. The surroundings should be cleared
of all vegetation, waste and debris. |
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In temporary encampments people may be expected
to wash their clothes in plastic or iron tubs |
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One washing stand for every 100 persons is recommended |
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Proper drainage and soap traps should be provided
for the wastewater |
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